Pre-Service Information Technologies Teachers' Views on Computer Programming Tools for K-12 Level
Keywords:
Programming Education, Programming, CodingAbstract
The purpose of the study is to analyze pre-service IT teachers' views on seminar which is supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) related to current methodologies and tools in K-12 computer programming education. The study sample consisted of 44 pre-service IT teachers who study as 3rd or 4th undergraduate program at Department of Computer Education and Instructional Technology in 21 different universities. The data is collected through a Students’ Perceptions about Kid’s Programming Language Questionnaire consisting of 27 five-point Likert-type items, grouped under three factors. The collected quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as means, standard deviations. The results of the study indicated that almost all visual programming tools have positive effects on students’ views, Small Basic is not as effective as other tools. It is due to this situation that Small Basic tool is text-based in contrast to the other block-based features.
Downloads
References
Angeli, C., Voogt, J., Fluck, A., Webb, M., Cox, M., Malyn-Smith, J., & Zagami, J. (2016). A K-6 computational thinking curriculum framework: implications for teacher knowledge. Educational Technology & Society, 19(3), 47-58. Received from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1107187.
Astrachan, O., Briggs, A., Diaz, L., & Osborne, R. B. (2013). CS principles: development and evolution of a course and a community. Paper presented at the Proceeding of the 44th ACM technical symposium on Computer science education. Received from https://doi.org/10.1145/2445196.2445382. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/2445196.2445382
Bers, M. U., Flannery, L., Kazakoff, E. R., & Sullivan, A. (2014). Computational thinking and tinkering: Exploration of an early childhood robotics curriculum. Computers & Education, 72, 145-157. Received from http://doi.org/110.1016/j.compedu.2013.1010.1020.
Brennan, K., & Resnick, M. (2012). New frameworks for studying and assessing the development of computational thinking. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 2012 annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Vancouver, Canada. Received from http://scratched.gse.harvard.edu/ct/files/AERA2012.pdf.
Carnegie Mellon University. (1997). About Alice. Retrieved from Retrieved March 15, 2017, from http://www.alice.org/index.php?page=what_is_alice/what_is_alice
Choi, H. (2012). Learners’ reflections on computer programming using Scratch: Korean primary pre-service teachers’ perspective. Paper presented at the 10th International Conference for Media in Education 2012 (ICoME).
desJardins, M. (2015). Creating AP® CS principles: let many flowers bloom. ACM Inroads, 6(4), 60-66. Received from http://doi.org/10.1145/2835852. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/2835852
Dreyfus, S. E. (1986). Dynamic programming The Bellman Continuum (pp. 13-70): World Scientific.
Du Boulay, B. (1986). Some difficulties of learning to program. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 2(1), 57-73. Received from http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.2190/2193LFX-2199RRF-2167T2198-UVK2199.
Fesakis, G., & Serafeim, K. (2009). Influence of the familiarization with scratch on future teachers' opinions and attitudes about programming and ICT in education. Paper presented at the ACM SIGCSE Bulletin. Received from http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1562957.
Fessakis, G., Gouli, E., & Mavroudi, E. (2013). Problem solving by 5–6 years old kindergarten children in a computer programming environment: A case study. Computers & Education, 63, 87-97. Received from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360131512002813.
Fowler, A., Fristoe, T., & MacLaurin, M. (2012). Kodu Game Lab: a programming environment. The Computer Games Journal, 1(1), 17-28. Received from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/d998/d996a997e934bc952f996e279037c263781a279035f279037a275467a.pdf.
Fraenkel, J., & Wallen, N. (2009). The nature of qualitative research. How to design and evaluate research in education, seventh edition. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 420.
Gouws, L. A., Bradshaw, K., & Wentworth, P. (2013). Computational thinking in educational activities: an evaluation of the educational game light-bot. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 18th ACM conference on Innovation and technology in computer science education. Received from http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2466518.
Grover, S., & Pea, R. (2013). Computational Thinking in K–12 A Review of the State of the Field. Educational Researcher, 42(1), 38-43. Received from http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.3102/0013189X12463051.
Gülbahar, Y., & Kalelioğlu, F. (2014). The effects of teaching programming via Scratch on problem solving skills: A discussion from learners’ perspective. Informatics in Education-An International
Journal(Vol13_1), 33-50. Received from https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=123695.
Heintz, F., Mannila, L., & Färnqvist, T. (2016). A review of models for introducing computational thinking, computer science and computing in K-12 education. Paper presented at the Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE), 2016 IEEE. Received from http://doi.org/10.1109/FIE.2016.7757410. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/FIE.2016.7757410
Johnson, L., Adams Becker, S., Estrada, V., Freeman, A., Kampylis, P., Vuorikari, R., & Punie, Y. (2014). Horizon Report Europe: 2014 Schools Edition. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, & Austin, Texas: The New Media Consortium.
Kay, K., & Greenhill, V. (2011). Twenty-first century students need 21st century skills Bringing schools into the 21st century (pp. 41-65): Springer. Received from https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-007-0268-4_3.
Kelleher, C., & Pausch, R. (2005). Lowering the barriers to programming: A taxonomy of programming environments and languages for novice programmers. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), 37(2), 83-137. Received from http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1089734.
King, F., Goodson, L., & Rohani, F. (2010). Higher order thinking skills: Definition, teaching strategies, assessment. Publication of the Educational Services Program, now known as the Center for Advancement of Learning and Assessment. Obtido de: www.cala.fsu.edu.
Kuzu, A., Günüç, S., & Odabaşı, H. F. (2013). 21. yüzyıl öğrenci özelliklerinin öğretmen adayları tarafından tanımlanması: Bir twitter uygulaması. Received from http://acikerisim.lib.comu.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/handle/COMU/1145.
Lister, R., Adams, E. S., Fitzgerald, S., Fone, W., Hamer, J., Lindholm, M., . . . Seppälä, O. (2004). A multi-national study of reading and tracing skills in novice programmers. Paper presented at the ACM SIGCSE Bulletin. Received from https://doi.org/10.1145/1044550.1041673 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/1044550.1041673
Lye, S. Y., & Koh, J. H. L. (2014). Review on teaching and learning of computational thinking through programming: What is next for K-12? Computers in Human Behavior, 41, 51-61. Received from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563214004634.
Maloney, J., Resnick, M., Rusk, N., Silverman, B., & Eastmond, E. (2010). The scratch programming language and environment. ACM Transactions on Computing Education (TOCE), 10(4), 16. Received from http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1868363.
Microsoft. (2017). About Small Basic. Retrieved from Retrieved March 15, 2017, from http://smallbasic.com/about.aspx
Ministry of Education. (2012). 12-Year Compulsory Education Questions - Answers. Retrieved from Retrieved March 15, 2017, from http://www.meb.gov.tr/duyurular/duyurular2012/12Yil_Soru_Cevaplar.pdf
MIT, M. I. o. T. (2017a). About App Inventor. Retrieved from Retrieved March 15, 2017, from http://appinventor.mit.edu/explore/about-us.html
MIT, M. I. o. T. (2017b). About Scratch. Retrieved from Retrieved March 15, 2017, from https://scratch.mit.edu/about
Ozoran, D., Cagiltay, N., & Topalli, D. (2012). Using scratch in introduction to programming course for engineering students. Paper presented at the 2nd International Engineering Education Conference (IEEC2012). Received from http://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/46281932/USING_SCRATCH_IN_INTRODUCTION_TO_PROGRAM20160606-391-1uz6hxr.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A&Expires=1491830597&Signature=NoiC48y8Jz%2FUw2yS4N7Ozn%2FKTbY%3D&response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DUsing_Scratch_in_introduction_to_program.pdf.
Pears, A., Seidman, S., Malmi, L., Mannila, L., Adams, E., Bennedsen, J., . . . Paterson, J. (2007). A survey of literature on the teaching of introductory programming. ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, 39(4), 204-223. Received from http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1345441.
Pierce, B. C. (2002). Types and programming languages. Received from http://robotics.upenn.edu/~bcpierce/tapl/contents.pdf: MIT press.
Repenning, A., Basawapatna, A., & Escherle, N. (2016). Computational thinking tools. Paper presented at the Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC), 2016 IEEE Symposium on. Received from http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/7739688/.
Robins, A., Rountree, J., & Rountree, N. (2003). Learning and teaching programming: A review and discussion. Computer science education, 13(2), 137-172. Received from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/110.1076/csed.1013.1072.1137.14200.
Saeli, M., Perrenet, J., Jochems, W. M., & Zwaneveld, B. (2011). Teaching programming in secondary school: a pedagogical content knowledge perspective. Informatics in Education-An International Journal(Vol 10_1), 73-88. Received from https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=69618.
SaÄŸlam, M. (2014). The 4+ 4+ 4 in the Educational Experiences of the the Teachers Teaching the First Grade Students in Turkey: Yozgat City as an Example. Journal of History School, 7(18), 377-396. Received from http://www.johschool.com/Makaleler/1662674958_1662674918.%1662674920mehmet_saglam.pdf.
Selby, C., & Woollard, J. (2013). Computational thinking: the developing definition. Received from https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/356481/1/Selby_Woollard_bg_soton_eprints.pdf.
Spohrer, J. C., & Soloway, E. (1989). Simulating student programmers. Ann Arbor, 1001, 48-109. Received from http://ijcai.org/Proceedings/189-101/Papers/087.pdf.
Szlávi, P., & Zsakó, L. (2006). Programming versus application. Paper presented at the International Conference on Informatics in Secondary Schools-Evolution and Perspectives. Received from http://doi.org/10.1007/11915355_5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/11915355_5
Weintrop, D., Beheshti, E., Horn, M., Orton, K., Jona, K., Trouille, L., & Wilensky, U. (2016). Defining computational thinking for mathematics and science classrooms. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 25(1), 127-147. Received from http://doi.org/110.1007/s10956-10015-19581-10955.
Wikipedia. ((n.d.)). Programming. Retrieved from from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_programming
Winslow, L. E. (1996). Programming pedagogy—a psychological overview. ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, 28(3), 17-22. Received from http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=234872.
Xinogalos, S. (2012). An evaluation of knowledge transfer from microworld programming to conventional programming. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 47(3), 251-277. Received from http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/210.2190/EC.2147.2193.b.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).